2010高考英语_2010高考英语全国卷1答案

23.（2011年，湖南卷）

　　My First Long Kun

　　Two weeks ago, I had a quarrel with my husband. After he had driven off in anger, I realized that I wasn’t going to feel any better just sitting there. Feeling abandoned and guilty, I put on my gym shoes to get some fresh air.

　　Our driveway has a slope(斜坡) that is easier just to jog down if you are lazy, taking advantage of gravity. Instead of stopping at the end of the slope, I decided t see if I could just jog to the end of the street. I had tried a few months ago and failed miserably. Since that first attempt I had been jogging regularly and was significantly fitter, but still very lazy. However this time around I managed to reach the stop sign with ease and I figured I would go a little further.

　　After about one kilometer, however, I noticed that my upper body was tense. To make the movement easier I had to relax my body, and tried to take deep breaths of air.

　　I kept giving myself the excuse to stop. No one would be disappointed. No one would even know. But I didn’t stop. I wanted to keep going harder, better, stronger. To my great surprise, I ran 4.9 km in 31 minutes. When I got back, I had tears in my eyes. I did something I thought I could never do.

　　It was the first long run of my life. Since I have improved my stride (步幅) and time, after every run I feel fitter, happier and motivated to keep progressing. I love the runner’s high, I normally jog because I want look good. I want to run because it makes me feel good.

　　116. Why did the author feet guilty? (No more than 9 words ) (2 marks)

　　117. What did. The author fait to do miserably few months ago? ( no more than 11 words) (2 marks)

　　118.What excuses did the author keep giving herself to stop? (no more than 9 words ) (3 marks)

　　119. How is running different from jogging t the author? (no more than 14 words) (3 marks)

【答案】

　　116.She had a quarrel with her husband.

　　117.She failed to jog to the end of the street.

　　118.No one would be disappointed or even know.

　　119.Running makes her feel good while jogging makes her look good.

【解析】

　　116. feel guilty定位到首段第二行，回前文找到原因：I had a quarrel with my husband. 答案：She had a quarrel with her husband.

　　117. miserably, months ago定位到第二段第三行，题目问的是作者fail to do 的事情，前一句话提到我想试试自己是否能够jog to the end of the street. 然后说failed miserably. 答案：She failed to jog to the end of the street.

　　118. keep giving herself to stop定位到第四段第一行，答案：No one would be disappointed or even know.

　　119. 概括：running different from jogging, 全文最后一句：I normally jog because I want to look good. I want to run because it makes me feel good 答案综合归纳为Running makes her feel good while jogging makes her look good.

24.（2012年，天津卷）

　　阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

　　Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion. Like many young athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. The disappointment didn’t stop her from going forward. Instead, she became interested in marathon swimming. A brilliant athlete, she was well-conditioned for spending long periods of time in the water. As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles presented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.

　　For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers. In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the women’s record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida. Then she broke a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975.

　　Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and Cuba in 1978. Though the span of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling the water for two days, she had to give for the sake of her own health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reading Cuba. That is how she defined success. It did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed she had touched the other shore.

　　When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new things---travelling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving public speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.

　　135.What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games? (No more than 5 words)

　　__________________________________________________________________________

　　136.What does the underlined word “obstacles” mean? (1 word)

　　___________________________________________________________________________

　　137.What achievement did Nyad make in 1970? (No more than 10 words.)

　　___________________________________________________________________________

　　138.Why did Nyad believe that she had touched the other shore? (No more than 10 words)

　　___________________________________________________________________________

　　139.Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad. (No more than 20 words)

　　___________________________________________________________________________

【答案】

　　135.A serious illness (did).

　　136.Difficulties/Problems/Troubles/Challenges.

　　137.She swam a ten-mile marathon and set women’s record.

　　Or: She swam a ten-mile marathon, setting the women’s record.

　　Or: She set the women’s record for a ten-mile marathon swimming.

　　138.Because she had tried her best (to fulfill the task).

　　Or: Her strength of purpose was as important as reaching Cuba.

　　139.I am encouraged by her determination and strong will.

　　Or: I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed.

　　Or: From her I learned that once we set a goal, we should try hard to achieve it.

　　Or: We should never give up in the face of difficulty/failure.

　　Or: We should never stop trying new things and we may achieve success in different fields.

【解析】

　　135.根据第一段的句子：but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. 可知答案是A serious illness (did).

　　136.猜词题：从后面的单词distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion.可知这是困难，挑战的意思： Difficulties/Problems/Troubles/Challenges.

　　137.从第二段的句子：In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the women’s record for the course. 可知答案是She swam a ten-mile marathon and set women’s record.

　　Or: She swam a ten-mile marathon, setting the women’s record.

　　Or: She set the women’s record for a ten-mile marathon swimming.

　　138.从文章的句子：For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reading Cuba. 可知答案是Because she had tried her best (to fulfill the task).

　　Or: Her strength of purpose was as important as reaching Cuba.

　　139.从文章我们知道Nyad 是非常有决心和毅力的：I am encouraged by her determination and strong will.

　　Or: I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed.

　　Or: From her I learned that once we set a goal, we should try hard to achieve it.

　　Or: We should never give up in the face of difficulty/failure.

　　Or: We should never stop trying new things and we may achieve success in different fields.

25.（2013年，湖南卷）

　　Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.

　　“Let’s Talk”：The Free Advice Project

　　A few weeks ago, I took a walk around Washington Square Park. I met all the usual people：street performers, the Pigeon Guy, a group of guitarists singing in harmony. But off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly different—giving free advice.

　　A week or two later, I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length.

　　Lisa Podell, 32, started the Free Advice Project this past May. It began as an experiment；she sat in Washington Square Park for a day with a sign that read “Free Advice” as a simple way to reach out to people. Podell was astonished at the strong response.

　　Podell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project as mutually (相互地) beneficial. People learn from her—but she also learns from them. She says that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues, and they expect her not only to listen, but also provide real answers.

　　Having worked as a full time teacher and now as an adolescent advisor, Podell believes that talking things out is an important in the decision-making process.

　　Sometimes, people walk around all day, keeping their problems in their own head and thinking about them in the same way. Podell simply strives to provide people with perspective.

　　I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project. Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York, which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city.

　　It was truly inspiring to meet someone with such a big heart, especially in New York—where it is sometimes very hard to find anybody to listen. (303 words)

　　100.In what way was Podell different from other people in the park? (No more than 6 words) (2 marks)

　　___________________________________________________________________________

　　101.What do people in need expect Podell to do? (No more than 10 words) (3 marks)

　　___________________________________________________________________________

　　102.According to Podell, what should people do when making decisions?

　　(No more than 6 words) (2 marks)

　　___________________________________________________________________________

　　103. How would Podell promote her project in New York? (No more than 15 words) (3 marks)

　　___________________________________________________________________________

【答案】

　　100.She was giving free advice.

　　101.They expect her to listen and provide real answers.

　　102.They should talk things out.

　　103.She would promote it to each public space with the help of volunteers.

【解析】

　　100.根据文章第一段最后句：But off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly different—giving free advice.关键词：giving free advice.

　　101.根据文章第四段最后一句：and they expect her not only to listen, but also provide real answers.关键词：they expect her not only to listen, but also provide real answers.根据题的要求，No more than 10 words故将not only···but also···换成and。

　　102.根据文章第五段：Podell believes that talking things out is an important in the decision-making process.

　　关键词：talking things out。可知。

　　103.根据文章倒数第二段：I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project. Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York, which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city. 可知。

26.（2013年，上海卷）

　　A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.

　　They found that almost all of the categories (类别) showed a drop in these “mood words” over time. Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.

　　“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media—movies, radio, drama—had more emotional content than books.”

　　Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events.

　　During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War. Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true.

　　“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression (压抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance and sex’… perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”

　　(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

　　104.A study of more than five million books indicated a decline in “mood words” over time except

　　105.According to Dr Alberto Acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that

　　106.What were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest?

　　107.While the researchers found some changes in the use of “mood words” in books, they were not sure that

【答案】

　　104.in the category of fear

　　105.the literary position has changed in a crowded media landscape / other media—movies, radio, drama— had more emotional content

　　106.During the roaring Twenties and before the recent financial crash.

　　107.their research result reflected wider social trends / songs and books reflected the real population

【解析】

　　104.根据第二段的Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage意为，只有害怕类别的词汇在使用上有所增加，可知

　　105.根据第三段的He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape.可知

　　106.根据倒数第二段的During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash可知，

　　107.根据倒数第二段的the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends可知，其中reserved opinion指的是对……有保留意见

27.（2013年，四川卷）

　　阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语问答问题（请注意问题后词数要求）。

　　A nurse of 78 this weekend celebrates 60 years of walking the wards - and she has no plans to retire.

　　Jackie Reid was 18 when she started work in 1953 - when the National Health Service (NHS) was just five years old - and is believed to be the oldest nurse in Britain.

　　The diabetes(糖尿病) specialist had to retire at 65 but returned as a nurse within two weeks and still does up to four seven-and-a-half hour shifts(轮班）each week.

　　Mrs. Reid said: "Nursing is hard if you do it correctly but I love my job. Working for the NHS has been my life. I have no other hobbies because I have worked all my life.

　　Jackie has worked at a number of different hospitals--including one in Scotland.

　　Her specialist field has been diabetes for the past 40 years. She retrained after her 12-year-old daughter Michelle developed the disease. She currently works at Southend Hospital, Essex.

　　Over the last 60years she has treated tens of thousands of patients.

　　Jackie believes nursing should be protected from government cuts. She said: "There're lots of things I would say to the government. If you are going to get good care you have to have the resources(资源), you can't do it without enough money. They shouldn't need the cuts that there are in the NHS. It's hard now because there's a shortage of staff."

　　Jackie has lived alone in Grays, Essex, since her husband did three years ago.

　　The couple have two daughters Michelle, 50, and Karen, 54.

　　Jackie added: "My youngest daughter worried about me - she doesn't think I should work as much as I do. I constantly say 'don't worry about me, I'm fine', but she never believes me. I don't like the thought of giving it up and will try to keep going forever."

　　108. In which year was the NHS set up? (within 2 words)

　　109. What does Jackie think of nursing? (within 6 words)

　　110.When did Jackie retrain in the field of diabetes? (within 6 words)

　　111.What does Jackie wish the government to do? (within 7 words)

　　112. Why does Jackie's daughter worry about her? (within 8 words)

【答案】

　　108.Nursing’s hard but she loves it .

　　109.In 1948.

　　110.After her daughter developed diabetes.

　　111.Not to make cut in nursing.

　　112.Because she thinks her mother works too hard .

【解析】本文属于记叙文，讲述一个78岁高龄的护士依然坚守在自己的岗位上。尽管按照要求65岁就要退休了，但是退休之后又回到自己的岗位上，同时她的女儿也为她的工作而表示担忧，与此同时，这位高龄护士也希望政府能够保留NHS的支出。

　　108.根据文章第二段第一句Jackie Reid was 18 when she started work in 1953 - when the National Health Service(NHS) was just five years old可以推断出本题答案。

　　109.根据文章第四段第一句 Nursing is hard if you do it correctly but I love my job.可以得出本题答案。

　　110.根据文章第六段第二句She retrained after her 12-year-old daughter Michelle developed the disease.可以得出本题答案。

　　111.根据文章第八段第一句Jackie believes nursing should be protected from government cuts.可以得出本题答案。

　　112.根据文章最后一段第一句My youngest daughter worried about me - she doesn't think I should work as much as I do.可以得出她的女儿认为她工作过于负责。